Page 387 of chapter 7

1 """ 2 6-23 page 343 play media files 3 """ 4 def odd(): 5     funcs=[] 6     for c in 'abcdwe': 7         funcs.append((lambda:c)) 8     return funcs 9 10 def odd2():11     funcs=[]12     for c in 'abcdwe':13         funcs.append((lambda c=c:c))14     return funcs    15    16 def odd1():17     funcs=[]18     for c in 'abcdwe':19         funcs.append(c)20     return funcs21 22 for func in odd():23     print(func())24 print('force to remenber'+'#'*30)25 for func in odd2():26     print(func())27     28 listt=[]29 listt=odd1()30 print listt

 

1 """ 2 programming pytyon page 422  3 pop up three new windows ,with style 4 desctory() kill one window,quit kill all windows and app 5 top-level window have litle,icon,iconify/deiconify and protocol for wn events 6 there always is an application root window,whether by default or created as an 7 explicit tk() object;all top-level windows are containters but they are never 8 packed.gridded;toplevel is like Frame,but a new window,and can have a menu; 9 """10 from Tkinter import *11 root =Tk()12 trees =[('the larch!','light blue'),('the pine!','light green'),('the giant redwood','red')]13 14 for (tree,color) in trees:15     win = Toplevel(root)16     win.title('sing...')17     win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',lambda:None)                           #ignore close,so no meaning to close win by X18     win.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')19     20     msg =Button(win,text=tree,command=win.destroy)21     msg.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)22     msg.config(padx=10,pady=10,bd=10,relief=RAISED)23     msg.config(bg='black',fg=color,font=('times',30,'bold italic'))24 root.title('lxk demo with three win')25 Label(root,text='main win',width=30).pack()26 Button(root,text='quit all',command=root.quit).pack()27 root.mainloop()

1. win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',lambda:None)                           #ignore close,so no meaning to close win by X

如果设置protocol属性为None ，所以我们无法通过X关闭3个窗口

2.关掉一个窗口和对应的子窗口，使用destroy；关掉所有的窗口，使用quit

3.title设置title，iconbitmap设定图标

4.如果设定win=Toplevel（），并且还没有设定Tk root窗口，则此句将默认生成TK root作为Toplevel的主窗口。但是，我们

root=tk（），以上调用将产生产生一个root主窗口

 

多个按钮放入对话框中

退出按钮：

1 """ 2 a quit button that verifies exit requests to reuse, 3 attach an instance to other GUIS,and repack as desired 4 """ 5 from Tkinter import  * 6 from tkMessageBox import askokcancel 7  8 class Quitter(Frame): 9     def __init__(self,parent=None):10         Frame.__init__(self,parent)11         self.pack()12         wid =Button(self,text ='Quit',fg='blue',command =self.quit)13         wid.pack(side =LEFT,expand =YES,fill=BOTH)14     def quit(self):15         ans =askokcancel('verify exit',"readlly quit")16         if ans:17             Frame.quit(self)18 if __name__ =='__main__':19     Quitter().mainloop()

对话框

1 """ 2 define a name:callback demos table 3 """ 4 from tkFileDialog import askopenfilename 5 from tkColorChooser import askcolor 6 from tkMessageBox import askquestion,showwarning 7 from tkSimpleDialog import askfloat 8  9 demos ={10     'open':askopenfilename,11     'Color':askcolor,12     'Query':lambda:askquestion('waring','you type q\n confirm?'),13     'Error':lambda:showerror('error!',"he is here,lxk"),14     'input':lambda:askfloat('entry','entry random float num')15 }

组合对话框：

1 "create a bar of simple buttons that launch dialog  demos" 2 from Tkinter import * 3 from dialogTable import demos 4 from quitter import Quitter 5  6 root =Tk() 7  8 class Demo(Frame): 9     def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):10         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)11         self.pack(fill=BOTH) #if fill no setting ,12         Label(self,text ="basic demos",fg='black').pack()13         for (key,value) in demos.items():14             Button(self,text=key,fg="blue",command=value).pack(expand =YES,fill=BOTH)15         Quitter(self).pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH)16 17 if __name__ =='__main__':18     #maindlg=Toplevel(root)19     #maindlg.title('another dlg')20     #maindlg.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')21     #Button(maindlg,text='botton at maingld').pack()22     23     root.title('demo dlg')24     root.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')    25     Demo().mainloop()

 把main函数中注释打开，则：

demo dlg是主窗口，关闭则所有窗口关闭。

 

按钮的回调函数没有传入参数，如果需要传额外的数据到handler，我们需要打包给一个能够保存或者记住这些数据的对象，这个对象完成到实际handler的调用。如何绕过这个限制

答案：使用lambda表达式。

1 "create a bar of simple buttons that launch dialog  demos" 2 from Tkinter import * 3 from dialogTable import demos 4 from quitter import Quitter 5  6 root =Tk() 7  8 class Demo(Frame): 9     def __init__(self,parent=None,**options):10         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)11         self.pack(fill=BOTH) #if fill no setting ,12         Label(self,text ="basic demos",fg='black').pack()13         for key in demos:14             func = (lambda key =key:self.printit(key))15             Button(self,text=key,fg="blue",command=func).pack(expand =YES,fill=BOTH)16         Quitter(self).pack(side=TOP,fill=BOTH)17     def printit(self,name):18         print (name,'returns ==>',demos[name]())19 20 if __name__ =='__main__':21     root.title('demo dlg')22     root.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')    23     Demo().mainloop()

 

Check demos

1 """ 2 create a bar of check buttons that run dialog demo 3 """ 4 from Tkinter import * 5 from dialogTable import demos 6 from quitter import Quitter 7  8 class Demo(Frame): 9     def __init__(self,parent =None,**options):10         Frame.__init__(self,parent=None,**options)11         self.pack()12         self.tools()13         Label(self,text ='check demos').pack()14         self.vars = []15         for key in demos:16             var= IntVar()17             Checkbutton(self,text =key,variable =var,command=demos[key]).pack(side =LEFT)18             self.vars.append(var)19     def report(self):20         for var in self.vars:21             print(var.get())22         print()23     def tools(self):24         frm=Frame(self)25         frm.pack(side =RIGHT)26         Button(frm,text ='state',command =self.report).pack(fill =X)27         Quitter(frm).pack(fill=X)28 29 if __name__=='__main__':30     Demo().mainloop()

Radiocheck

1 "create a group of radio buttons that launch dialog demos" 2  3 from Tkinter import * 4 from dialogTable import demos 5 from quitter import Quitter 6  7 class Demo(Frame): 8     def __init__(self,parent =None,**options): 9         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)10         self.pack()11         Label(self,text ='radio demos').pack(side =TOP)12         self.var = StringVar()13         for key in demos:14             Radiobutton(self,text =key,command=self.onPress,variable =self.var,15                         value =key).pack(anchor =NW)16         self.var.set(key) #select last to start17         Button(self,text ='state',command=self.report).pack(fill=X)18         Quitter(self).pack(fill=X)19     def onPress(self):20         pick = self.var.get()21         print('you pressed',pick)22         print('result:',demos[pick]())23     def report(self):24         print(self.var.get())25 if __name__=='__main__':26     Demo().mainloop()

scale check

1 "create two linked scales used to launch dialog demos" 2  3 from Tkinter import * 4 from dialogTable import demos 5 from quitter import Quitter 6  7 class Demo(Frame): 8     def __init__(self,parent=None,**options): 9         Frame.__init__(self,parent,**options)10         self.pack()11         Label(self,text ='scale demos').pack()12         self.var = IntVar()13         Scale(self,label ='pick demo num',14               command=self.onMove,15               variable=self.var,16               from_=0,to=len(demos)-1).pack()17         Scale(self,label='pick demo number',18               command=self.onMove,19               variable=self.var,20               from_=-100,to=len(demos)-1+100,21               length=200,tickinterval=10,resolution=30,22               showvalue=YES,orient='horizontal').pack()23         Quitter(self).pack(side=RIGHT)24         Button(self,text ='run demo',command=self.onRun).pack(side =LEFT)25         Button(self,text ='state',command=self.report).pack(side=RIGHT)26     def onMove(self,value):27         print('in move',value)28     def onRun(self):29         pos = self.var.get()30         print('you picked',pos)31         demo=list(demos.values())[pos]32         print(demo())33         34     def report(self):35         print self.var.get()36 if __name__ =='__main__':37     print(list(demos.keys()))38     Demo().mainloop()39

DemoALL

1 """ 2 4 demo class components(subframes) on one window; 3 there are 5 quitter buttons on this one window too,and each kills entire gui 4 gui can be resued as frames in container,indenpendent windown or process 5 """ 6 #-*- coding: utf-8 -*- 7 from Tkinter import * 8 from quitter import Quitter 9 demosModules =['demoDlg','demoCheck','demoRadio','demoScale']10 parts =[]11 def addComponents(root):12     for demo in demosModules:13         module=__import__(demo)14         part =module.Demo(root)15         part.config(bd=2,relief=GROOVE)16         part.pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill=BOTH)17         parts.append(part)18 def dumpState():19     for part in parts:20         print(part.__module__+':')21         if hasattr(part,'report'):22             part.report()23         else:24             print('none')25 26 root=Tk()27 root.title('主框架'.decode('gbk'))28 Label(root,text ='多个框结构实例'.decode('gbk'),bg='white').pack()29 Button(root,text ='状态'.decode('gbk'),command=dumpState).pack(fill=X)30 Quitter(root).pack(fill=X)31 addComponents(root)32 root.iconbitmap('C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\bg.ico')   33 root.mainloop()

Buttonbar

1 """ 2 check and radio button bar classes for apps that fetch state later 3 pass a list of options ,call state(),variable details automated 4 """ 5  6 from Tkinter import * 7 class Checkbar(Frame): 8     def __init__(self,parent= None,picks =[],side=LEFT,anchor=W): 9         Frame.__init__(self,parent)10         self.vars=[]11         for pick in picks:12             var = IntVar()13             chk =Checkbutton(self,text =pick,variable =var)14             chk.pack(side=side,anchor=anchor,expand=YES)15             self.vars.append(var)16     def state(self):17         return [var.get() for var in self.vars]18 class Radiobar(Frame):19     def __init__(self,parent=None,picks=[],side=LEFT,anchor=W):20         Frame.__init__(self,parent)21         self.var=StringVar()22         self.var.set(picks[0])23         for pick in picks:24             rad =Radiobutton(self,text =pick,value=pick,variable=self.var)25             rad.pack(side=side,anchor=anchor)26     def state(self):27         return self.var.get()28     29 if __name__=='__main__':30     root=Tk()31     lng=Checkbar(root,['python','C#','Jave','C++'])32     gui=Radiobar(root,['Win','x86','mac'],side =TOP,anchor=NW)33     tgl=Checkbar(root,['All'])34     35     gui.pack(side=LEFT,fill=Y)36     lng.pack(side=TOP,fill=X)37     tgl.pack(side=LEFT)38     lng.config(relief=GROOVE,bd=2)39     gui.config(relief=RIDGE,bd=2)40     41     def allstates():42         print(gui.state(),lng.state(),tgl.state())43     from quitter import Quitter44     Quitter(root).pack(side=RIGHT)45     Button(root,text ='Peek',command=allstates).pack()46     root.mainloop()

ButtonPic

1 from Tkinter import * 2 from glob import glob 3 import demoCheck 4 import random 5 gifdir='C:\\Users\\xlian7164584\\Documents\\GitHub\\R_D\\gif\\' 6  7 def draw(): 8     name,photo =random.choice(images) 9     lbl.config(text =name)10     pix.config(image=photo)11     12 root =Tk()13 lbl=Label(root,text ='none',bg='blue',fg='red')14 pix=Button(root,text ='press me',command=draw,bg='white')15 lbl.pack(fill=BOTH)16 pix.pack(pady=10)17 demoCheck.Demo(root,relief=SUNKEN,bd=2).pack(fill=BOTH)18 19 files=glob(gifdir+'*.gif')20 images=[(x,PhotoImage(file=x)) for x in files]21 print files22 root.mainloop()

ListBox

1 "a simple customizable scrolled listbox component" 2 from Tkinter import * 3  4 class ScrolledList(Frame): 5     def __init__(self,options,parent=None): 6         Frame.__init__(self,parent) 7         self.pack(expand=YES,fill=BOTH)     # make me expandable 8         self.makeWidgets(options) 9     def handleList(self,event):10         index = self.listbox.curselection()   # on list double-click11         label = self.listbox.get(index)       # fetch selection text12         self.runCommand(label)                # and call action here or get(ACTIVE)13         14     def makeWidgets(self,options):15         sbar=Scrollbar(self)16         list=Listbox(self,relief=SUNKEN)17         sbar.config(command=list.yview)             #xlink sbar and list18         list.config(yscrollcommand=sbar.set,fg='blue')        # move one moves other19         sbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)                #pack first=clip last20         list.pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill = BOTH) # list clipped first21         pos=022         for label in options:                       # add to listbox23             list.insert(pos,label)                   # or insert(END,label)24             pos+=1                                   # or enumerate(options)25         #list.config(selectmode=SINGLE,setgrid=1)    # select ,resize modes26         list.bind('
      
       ',self.handleList)      # set event handler27         list.bind('
       
        ',self.handleLeftClick) # mouse button clicks28         list.bind('
        
         ',self.onkeyPress)      # all key press29         list.bind('
         
          ',self.onLeftDrag)     #click and draw30         self.listbox=list31     def runCommand(self,selection):32         print('you selected:',selection)33         34     def onkeyPress(self,event):35         print('got key press:',event.char)36         37     def handleLeftClick(self,event):38         print('mouse button press')39         self.showPosEvent(event)40     41     def onLeftDrag(self,event):42         print('got left mouse button draw')43         self.showPosEvent(event)44         45     def showPosEvent(self,event):46         print('widget =%s X=%s, Y=%s' % (event.widget,event.x,event.y))47 48 if __name__ =='__main__':49     options =(('listbox and event %s' % x) for x in range(20))50     ScrolledList(options).mainloop()51